See で on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "て",
"2": "te"
},
"expansion": "The hiragana character て (te) with a dakuten (゛).",
"name": "Hira-dakuten"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The hiragana character て (te) with a dakuten (゛).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "de",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syllable"
},
"expansion": "で • (de)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
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"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "syllable",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The hiragana syllable で (de). Its equivalent in katakana is デ (de)."
],
"id": "en-で-ja-syllable-jLjAE2dw",
"links": [
[
"で",
"で#Japanese"
],
[
"デ",
"デ#Japanese"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[de̞]"
}
],
"word": "で"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "にて"
},
"expansion": "にて (nite)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "だ"
},
"expansion": "だ (da)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally a contraction of にて (nite), later treated as a conjugation of the copula だ (da).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "de",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "で • (de)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
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"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
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5,
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[
2,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
24,
26
],
[
35,
37
]
],
"english": "I want to rest in here (at this location).",
"roman": "Koko de yasumitai.",
"ruby": [
[
"休",
"やす"
]
],
"text": "ここで休みたい。",
"translation": "I want to rest in here (at this location).",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"at: indicating a location at which something happens"
],
"id": "en-で-ja-particle-4cnoKoiz",
"links": [
[
"at",
"at"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
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],
"english": "to write with a brush pen",
"roman": "fudepen de kaku",
"ruby": [
[
"筆",
"ふで"
],
[
"書",
"か"
]
],
"text": "筆ペンで書く",
"translation": "to write with a brush pen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
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11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
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"english": "Let's go by bicycle.",
"roman": "Jitensha de ikimashō.",
"ruby": [
[
"自",
"じ"
],
[
"転",
"てん"
],
[
"車",
"しゃ"
],
[
"行",
"い"
]
],
"text": "自転車で行きましょう。",
"translation": "Let's go by bicycle.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"with, by, using: indicating the means by or with which something happens"
],
"id": "en-で-ja-particle-Ko~L9faK",
"links": [
[
"with",
"with"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"using",
"using"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
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12,
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21
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3,
4
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6,
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"bold_translation_offsets": [
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16,
18
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],
"english": "I tried to swim in white swimsuit",
"roman": "Shiromizugi de oyoidemita",
"ruby": [
[
"白",
"しろ"
],
[
"水",
"みず"
],
[
"着",
"ぎ"
],
[
"泳",
"およ"
]
],
"text": "白水着で泳いでみた",
"translation": "I tried to swim in white swimsuit",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in: indicating the containing by something"
],
"id": "en-で-ja-particle-gODxv8jh",
"links": [
[
"in",
"in"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[de̞]"
}
],
"word": "で"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "にて"
},
"expansion": "にて (nite)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "だ"
},
"expansion": "だ (da)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally a contraction of にて (nite), later treated as a conjugation of the copula だ (da).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "de",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "で • (de)",
"name": "ja-pos"
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],
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"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
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2
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"bold_text_offsets": [
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"roman": "De?",
"text": "で？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
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0,
2
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
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0,
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],
"roman": "De? Dō suru?",
"text": "で？どうする？",
"type": "example"
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0,
2
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
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0,
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],
"roman": "De, Orinpikku yamemasen ka?",
"text": "で、オリンピックやめませんか？",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicating the following sentence is a consequence of something previously stated: and then; therefore"
],
"id": "en-で-ja-adv--~ld92mz",
"links": [
[
"and",
"and"
],
[
"then",
"then"
],
[
"therefore",
"therefore"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) indicating the following sentence is a consequence of something previously stated: and then; therefore"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[de̞]"
}
],
"word": "で"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "にて"
},
"expansion": "にて (nite)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "だ"
},
"expansion": "だ (da)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally a contraction of にて (nite), later treated as a conjugation of the copula だ (da).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "de",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "で • (de)",
"name": "ja-verb-form"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
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12,
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2,
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5,
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16,
19
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23,
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],
"english": "This is a book, and it is very interesting.",
"roman": "Kore wa hon de, totemo omoshiroi desu.",
"ruby": [
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"面",
"おも"
],
[
"白",
"しろ"
]
],
"text": "これは本で、とても面白いです。",
"translation": "This is a book, and it is very interesting.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"is/am/are ... and: the て-form or conjunctive form of だ (da)"
],
"id": "en-で-ja-verb-eDgNPy0V",
"links": [
[
"is",
"is"
],
[
"am",
"am"
],
[
"are",
"are"
],
[
"and",
"and"
],
[
"conjunctive",
"conjunctive#English"
],
[
"だ",
"だ#Japanese"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "Use the dictionary form"
},
{
"tags": [
"-i"
],
"word": "stem + い"
},
{
"roman": "de aru",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "+ だ(noun + である)"
},
{
"roman": "-nai",
"word": "mizenkei + ない"
},
{
"roman": "-ku nai",
"word": "stem + くない"
},
{
"alt": "de [wa] nai",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "+ で（は）ない"
},
{
"roman": "-masu",
"word": "ren'yōkei + ます"
},
{
"roman": "-i desu",
"word": "stem + いです"
},
{
"roman": "desu",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "+ です"
},
{
"roman": "-masen",
"word": "ren'yōkei + ません"
},
{
"roman": "-ku arimasen",
"word": "stem + くないですstem + くありません"
},
{
"alt": "de [wa] nai desu; de [wa] arimasen",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "+ で（は）ないですnoun + で（は）ありません"
},
{
"english": "with onbin sound changes for Group I verbs",
"roman": "-ta",
"translation": "with onbin sound changes for Group I verbs",
"word": "ren'yōkei + た"
},
{
"roman": "-katta",
"word": "stem + かった"
},
{
"roman": "de atta",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "+ だった(noun + であった)"
},
{
"roman": "-nakatta",
"word": "mizenkei + なかった"
},
{
"roman": "-ku nakatta",
"word": "stem + くなかった"
},
{
"alt": "de [wa] nakatta",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "+ で（は）なかった"
},
{
"roman": "-mashita",
"word": "ren'yōkei + ました"
},
{
"roman": "-katta desu",
"word": "stem + かったです"
},
{
"roman": "deshita",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "+ でした"
},
{
"roman": "-masen deshita",
"word": "ren'yōkei + ませんでした"
},
{
"roman": "-ku arimasen deshita",
"word": "stem + くなかったですstem + くありませんでした"
},
{
"alt": "de [wa] nakatta desu; de [wa] arimasen deshita",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "+ で（は）なかったですnoun + で（は）ありませんでした"
},
{
"alt": "-u > -o",
"english": "of Group I verbs; of other verbs",
"roman": "-yō",
"translation": "of Group I verbs; of other verbs",
"word": "mizenkei + うmizenkei + よう"
},
{
"roman": "-i darō",
"word": "†stem + かろう(stem + いだろう)"
},
{
"roman": "de arō",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "+ だろう(noun + であろう)"
},
{
"roman": "-mashō",
"word": "ren'yōkei + ましょう"
},
{
"roman": "deshō",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "+ でしょう"
},
{
"english": "with onbin sound changes for Group I verbs",
"roman": "-te",
"translation": "with onbin sound changes for Group I verbs",
"word": "ren'yōkei + て"
},
{
"roman": "-kute",
"word": "stem + くて"
},
{
"roman": "de atte",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "+ で(noun + であって)"
},
{
"roman": "-ba",
"word": "kateikei + ば"
},
{
"roman": "-kereba",
"word": "stem + ければ"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[de̞]"
}
],
"word": "で"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "て",
"2": "-te",
"pos": "conjunctive ending"
},
"expansion": "て(te) (-te, conjunctive ending)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Assimilated form of て(te) (-te, conjunctive ending). The voicing occurs in the two following euphonic (onbin) environments\n* After a nasal sound N: For godan verbs ending in -mu, -nu, or -bu, the historical converbial form -mite, -nite, and -bite underwent nasalization and assimilation (hatsuonbin) to become -nde (んで), e.g. 読む (yomu) + て (-te) → 読みて (yomite) → *yomte → 読んで (yonde)\n* After a i originated from velar voiced sound: For godan verbs ending in -gu, the historical ending -gite lost the velar consonant g but retained the voicing on the suffix (i-onbin), e.g. 泳ぐ (oyogu) + て (-te) → 泳ぎて (oyogite) → oyoĩte → 泳いで (oyoide)\nSee also: て, Japanese conjugation § te form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-de",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "で • (-de)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 11 9 12 3 29 17 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 11 13 5 29 15 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 9 11 13 26 13 5 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 10 12 5 31 15 3 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 10 13 2 32 15 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 13 10 13 2 32 16 1 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "泳ぐ (oyogu, “to swim”) + で (-de) → 泳いで (oyoide, “swimming”)"
},
{
"text": "遊ぶ (asobu, “to play”) + で (-de) → 遊んで (asonde, “playing”)"
},
{
"text": "読む (yomu, “to read”) + で (-de) → 読んで (yonde, “reading”)"
},
{
"text": "死ぬ (shinu, “to die”) + で (-de) → 死んで (shinde, “dying”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used after godan verbs ending in -gu, -bu, -mu, or -nu form of て"
],
"id": "en-で-ja-suffix-OQZPbvoC",
"links": [
[
"て",
"て#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(conjunctive) used after godan verbs ending in -gu, -bu, -mu, or -nu form of て"
],
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[de̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Japanese_conjugation#te_form",
"Onbin#I-onbin",
"Onbin#N-onbin_(hatsuonbin)",
"onbin"
],
"word": "で"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "にて"
},
"expansion": "にて (nite)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ず"
},
"expansion": "ず (zu)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Considered to be a contraction of にて (nite), where the ni is the continuative form of the negative auxiliary ず (zu). In use since Early Middle Japanese, and first attested in The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter of the late 800s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-de",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "で • (-de)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from late 800s",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Classical Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 5 3 13 37 4 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Attaches to the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of verbs to form the negative conjunctive, equivalent to the modern ないで (-naide) or ずに (-zuni)."
],
"id": "en-で-ja-suffix-5i0UgRY2",
"links": [
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
],
[
"未然形",
"未然形#Japanese"
],
[
"ないで",
"ないで#Japanese"
],
[
"ずに",
"ずに#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Japanese, archaic) Attaches to the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of verbs to form the negative conjunctive, equivalent to the modern ないで (-naide) or ずに (-zuni)."
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"Japanese",
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[de̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter"
],
"word": "で"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ぜ",
"pos": "sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis"
},
"expansion": "ぜ (ze, sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Corrupted from ぜ (ze, sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "de",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "で • (de)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kansai Japanese",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
27,
29
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
12
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],
"english": "You shouldn't do things like that.",
"roman": "Sonai na koto shitara akan de.",
"ruby": [
[
"事",
"こと"
]
],
"text": "そないな事したらあかんで。",
"translation": "You shouldn't do things like that.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis"
],
"id": "en-で-ja-particle-5N93X~TR",
"links": [
[
"emphasis",
"emphasis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal, chiefly Kansai) sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis"
],
"tags": [
"Kansai",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[de̞]"
}
],
"word": "で"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese particles",
"Japanese syllables",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "て",
"2": "te"
},
"expansion": "The hiragana character て (te) with a dakuten (゛).",
"name": "Hira-dakuten"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The hiragana character て (te) with a dakuten (゛).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "de",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "syllable"
},
"expansion": "で • (de)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "syllable",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The hiragana syllable で (de). Its equivalent in katakana is デ (de)."
],
"links": [
[
"で",
"で#Japanese"
],
[
"デ",
"デ#Japanese"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[de̞]"
}
],
"word": "で"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adverbs",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese particles",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verb forms",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "にて"
},
"expansion": "にて (nite)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "だ"
},
"expansion": "だ (da)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally a contraction of にて (nite), later treated as a conjugation of the copula だ (da).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "de",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "で • (de)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
5,
7
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
3
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
24,
26
],
[
35,
37
]
],
"english": "I want to rest in here (at this location).",
"roman": "Koko de yasumitai.",
"ruby": [
[
"休",
"やす"
]
],
"text": "ここで休みたい。",
"translation": "I want to rest in here (at this location).",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"at: indicating a location at which something happens"
],
"links": [
[
"at",
"at"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
2,
4
],
[
8,
10
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
13
]
],
"english": "to write with a brush pen",
"roman": "fudepen de kaku",
"ruby": [
[
"筆",
"ふで"
],
[
"書",
"か"
]
],
"text": "筆ペンで書く",
"translation": "to write with a brush pen",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
9,
11
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
4
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
9,
11
]
],
"english": "Let's go by bicycle.",
"roman": "Jitensha de ikimashō.",
"ruby": [
[
"自",
"じ"
],
[
"転",
"てん"
],
[
"車",
"しゃ"
],
[
"行",
"い"
]
],
"text": "自転車で行きましょう。",
"translation": "Let's go by bicycle.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"with, by, using: indicating the means by or with which something happens"
],
"links": [
[
"with",
"with"
],
[
"by",
"by"
],
[
"using",
"using"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
12,
14
],
[
19,
21
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
4
],
[
6,
7
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
16,
18
]
],
"english": "I tried to swim in white swimsuit",
"roman": "Shiromizugi de oyoidemita",
"ruby": [
[
"白",
"しろ"
],
[
"水",
"みず"
],
[
"着",
"ぎ"
],
[
"泳",
"およ"
]
],
"text": "白水着で泳いでみた",
"translation": "I tried to swim in white swimsuit",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in: indicating the containing by something"
],
"links": [
[
"in",
"in"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[de̞]"
}
],
"word": "で"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adverbs",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese particles",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verb forms",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "にて"
},
"expansion": "にて (nite)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "だ"
},
"expansion": "だ (da)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally a contraction of にて (nite), later treated as a conjugation of the copula だ (da).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "de",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "で • (de)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese informal terms",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
1
]
],
"roman": "De?",
"text": "で？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
1
]
],
"roman": "De? Dō suru?",
"text": "で？どうする？",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
0,
2
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
1
]
],
"roman": "De, Orinpikku yamemasen ka?",
"text": "で、オリンピックやめませんか？",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indicating the following sentence is a consequence of something previously stated: and then; therefore"
],
"links": [
[
"and",
"and"
],
[
"then",
"then"
],
[
"therefore",
"therefore"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) indicating the following sentence is a consequence of something previously stated: and then; therefore"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[de̞]"
}
],
"word": "で"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese adverbs",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese non-lemma forms",
"Japanese particles",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verb forms",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "にて"
},
"expansion": "にて (nite)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "だ"
},
"expansion": "だ (da)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Originally a contraction of にて (nite), later treated as a conjugation of the copula だ (da).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "de",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "で • (de)",
"name": "ja-verb-form"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "Use the dictionary form"
},
{
"tags": [
"-i"
],
"word": "stem + い"
},
{
"roman": "de aru",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "+ だ(noun + である)"
},
{
"roman": "-nai",
"word": "mizenkei + ない"
},
{
"roman": "-ku nai",
"word": "stem + くない"
},
{
"alt": "de [wa] nai",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "+ で（は）ない"
},
{
"roman": "-masu",
"word": "ren'yōkei + ます"
},
{
"roman": "-i desu",
"word": "stem + いです"
},
{
"roman": "desu",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "+ です"
},
{
"roman": "-masen",
"word": "ren'yōkei + ません"
},
{
"roman": "-ku arimasen",
"word": "stem + くないですstem + くありません"
},
{
"alt": "de [wa] nai desu; de [wa] arimasen",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "+ で（は）ないですnoun + で（は）ありません"
},
{
"english": "with onbin sound changes for Group I verbs",
"roman": "-ta",
"translation": "with onbin sound changes for Group I verbs",
"word": "ren'yōkei + た"
},
{
"roman": "-katta",
"word": "stem + かった"
},
{
"roman": "de atta",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "+ だった(noun + であった)"
},
{
"roman": "-nakatta",
"word": "mizenkei + なかった"
},
{
"roman": "-ku nakatta",
"word": "stem + くなかった"
},
{
"alt": "de [wa] nakatta",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "+ で（は）なかった"
},
{
"roman": "-mashita",
"word": "ren'yōkei + ました"
},
{
"roman": "-katta desu",
"word": "stem + かったです"
},
{
"roman": "deshita",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "+ でした"
},
{
"roman": "-masen deshita",
"word": "ren'yōkei + ませんでした"
},
{
"roman": "-ku arimasen deshita",
"word": "stem + くなかったですstem + くありませんでした"
},
{
"alt": "de [wa] nakatta desu; de [wa] arimasen deshita",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "+ で（は）なかったですnoun + で（は）ありませんでした"
},
{
"alt": "-u > -o",
"english": "of Group I verbs; of other verbs",
"roman": "-yō",
"translation": "of Group I verbs; of other verbs",
"word": "mizenkei + うmizenkei + よう"
},
{
"roman": "-i darō",
"word": "†stem + かろう(stem + いだろう)"
},
{
"roman": "de arō",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "+ だろう(noun + であろう)"
},
{
"roman": "-mashō",
"word": "ren'yōkei + ましょう"
},
{
"roman": "deshō",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "+ でしょう"
},
{
"english": "with onbin sound changes for Group I verbs",
"roman": "-te",
"translation": "with onbin sound changes for Group I verbs",
"word": "ren'yōkei + て"
},
{
"roman": "-kute",
"word": "stem + くて"
},
{
"roman": "de atte",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "+ で(noun + であって)"
},
{
"roman": "-ba",
"word": "kateikei + ば"
},
{
"roman": "-kereba",
"word": "stem + ければ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
12,
14
],
[
33,
35
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
5
],
[
12,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
2,
4
],
[
5,
7
],
[
16,
19
],
[
23,
25
]
],
"english": "This is a book, and it is very interesting.",
"roman": "Kore wa hon de, totemo omoshiroi desu.",
"ruby": [
[
"本",
"ほん"
],
[
"面",
"おも"
],
[
"白",
"しろ"
]
],
"text": "これは本で、とても面白いです。",
"translation": "This is a book, and it is very interesting.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"is/am/are ... and: the て-form or conjunctive form of だ (da)"
],
"links": [
[
"is",
"is"
],
[
"am",
"am"
],
[
"are",
"are"
],
[
"and",
"and"
],
[
"conjunctive",
"conjunctive#English"
],
[
"だ",
"だ#Japanese"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[de̞]"
}
],
"word": "で"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese particles",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "て",
"2": "-te",
"pos": "conjunctive ending"
},
"expansion": "て(te) (-te, conjunctive ending)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Assimilated form of て(te) (-te, conjunctive ending). The voicing occurs in the two following euphonic (onbin) environments\n* After a nasal sound N: For godan verbs ending in -mu, -nu, or -bu, the historical converbial form -mite, -nite, and -bite underwent nasalization and assimilation (hatsuonbin) to become -nde (んで), e.g. 読む (yomu) + て (-te) → 読みて (yomite) → *yomte → 読んで (yonde)\n* After a i originated from velar voiced sound: For godan verbs ending in -gu, the historical ending -gite lost the velar consonant g but retained the voicing on the suffix (i-onbin), e.g. 泳ぐ (oyogu) + て (-te) → 泳ぎて (oyogite) → oyoĩte → 泳いで (oyoide)\nSee also: て, Japanese conjugation § te form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-de",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "で • (-de)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "泳ぐ (oyogu, “to swim”) + で (-de) → 泳いで (oyoide, “swimming”)"
},
{
"text": "遊ぶ (asobu, “to play”) + で (-de) → 遊んで (asonde, “playing”)"
},
{
"text": "読む (yomu, “to read”) + で (-de) → 読んで (yonde, “reading”)"
},
{
"text": "死ぬ (shinu, “to die”) + で (-de) → 死んで (shinde, “dying”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used after godan verbs ending in -gu, -bu, -mu, or -nu form of て"
],
"links": [
[
"て",
"て#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(conjunctive) used after godan verbs ending in -gu, -bu, -mu, or -nu form of て"
],
"tags": [
"conjunctive",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[de̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Japanese_conjugation#te_form",
"Onbin#I-onbin",
"Onbin#N-onbin_(hatsuonbin)",
"onbin"
],
"word": "で"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese particles",
"Japanese suffixes",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "にて"
},
"expansion": "にて (nite)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ず"
},
"expansion": "ず (zu)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Considered to be a contraction of にて (nite), where the ni is the continuative form of the negative auxiliary ず (zu). In use since Early Middle Japanese, and first attested in The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter of the late 800s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-de",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "で • (-de)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from late 800s",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
"Classical Japanese",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Attaches to the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of verbs to form the negative conjunctive, equivalent to the modern ないで (-naide) or ずに (-zuni)."
],
"links": [
[
"Classical Japanese",
"Classical Japanese"
],
[
"未然形",
"未然形#Japanese"
],
[
"ないで",
"ないで#Japanese"
],
[
"ずに",
"ずに#Japanese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Classical Japanese, archaic) Attaches to the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of verbs to form the negative conjunctive, equivalent to the modern ないで (-naide) or ずに (-zuni)."
],
"tags": [
"Classical",
"Japanese",
"archaic",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[de̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daijirin",
"The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter"
],
"word": "で"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese hiragana",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese particles",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ぜ",
"pos": "sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis"
},
"expansion": "ぜ (ze, sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Corrupted from ぜ (ze, sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "de",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "particle"
},
"expansion": "で • (de)",
"name": "ja-pos"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese dialectal terms",
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Kansai Japanese"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
27,
29
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
12
]
],
"english": "You shouldn't do things like that.",
"roman": "Sonai na koto shitara akan de.",
"ruby": [
[
"事",
"こと"
]
],
"text": "そないな事したらあかんで。",
"translation": "You shouldn't do things like that.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis"
],
"links": [
[
"emphasis",
"emphasis"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal, chiefly Kansai) sentence-ending particle signifying emphasis"
],
"tags": [
"Kansai",
"dialectal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[de̞]"
}
],
"word": "で"
}
Download raw JSONL data for で meaning in All languages combined (16.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-20 using wiktextract (cdfa371 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.